R. N. Kaul

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R. N. Kaul , K. K. Sharma

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The paper presents the results of spacing trials on Pinus caribaea var. bahomensis. The growth data at 8-9 years of age indicate that P. coribaea does possess a potential of high yields and where tree size is not of mach importance as in the case of pulpwood, it should be planted dense i.e. at a spacing of 2 m². However, from the observation of the plots indicate unhealthy (lanky trees) under closer spacings. It is, therefore, likely that in the years to come the growth in plots with closer spacing may fa1l whereas under wider spacing the crop may continue to be healthier. It is probable that the best spacing might lie between 2 m² and 2.5 m². This could only be concluded after the experiment progresses for some more years.

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R. N. Kaul , M. N. Jha , P. Pande

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R. N. Kaul , K. Gurumurti

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Paper reviews the pattern of energy use in rural India and points out that by 1990 fuelwood production will fall short of the requirements by 100 million m³. The importance of biomass in mitigating the energy crisis is outlined. The fuelwood concepts viz.,decentralized fuelwood system-social forestry and commercial fuelwood farming system and their feasibility in meeting the energy requirements have been discussed in detail. Research and developmental efforts in augmenting and utilisation of biomass resource at the national level have been elaborated.

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R. N. Kaul

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R. N. Kaul

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C. P. Bhimaya , R. N. Kaul

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The western portion of Rajasthan is all desert. The area of this desert is over 70,000 sq. miles. Wind is attributed to be the main agency responsible for the creation and continuance of this desert. Extremes of temperature, high wind velocity, scanty rainfall and low relative humidity are the main climatic features of this desert. Inspite of these factors, Rajasthan desert has a variety of natural vegetation, which is fast disappearing due to continued uncontrolled grazing and felling of trees, resulting in excessive wind erosion and desert extension. In fact, there is evidence to show that during past geological times this desert region was covered with dense vegetation. Large lignite deposits are discovered at Palana in Bikaner district which is now the heart of the desert. Thus, there is a possibility of averting this catastrophe by conserving the existing vegetation and rehabilitating the landscape with vegetation. Indigenous flora can be utilised easily for afforesting these areas and checking wind erosion. Technique of rehabilitating the various soil types met with in the desert region are under study at the Desert Afforestation and Soil Conservation Station at Jodhpur and the information so far collected is presented here. The low and extremely variable rainfall is one of the most serious limiting factors in the way of restoring vegetative cover on denuded, arid and semi-arid lands. Intensive studies of climate and micro-climate are necessary to understand and effectively control the adverse climatic factors. The selection of suitable species and superior strains from amongst indigenous as well as exotic xerophytic flora and the development of suitable arid-land afforestation techniques including nutritional requirements for various species are other important lines of investigation. The stabilisation of sand dunes and establishment of protective windbreaks and shelter belts are essential to check sand drift and advancing aridity from the desert areas. Research is also required on the most economical use of water for arid afforestation and on problems connected with inducement of drought-resistant character in the seed, the use. Of foliar sprays on plants to bring about drought resistance, and suitable methods of "hardening" of plants prior to planting out.

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R. N. Kaul , B. N. Ganguli

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B. N. Ganguli , R. N. Kaul

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R. N. Kaul , B. N. Ganguli

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R. N. Kaul

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R. N. Kaul

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The genus Acacia contains over 20 Indian and some introduced species, the three most important of the latter being of Australian origin, namely, A. decurrens, A. dealbata. And A. melanoxylon (Troup, 1921). Arboreta trials conducted over a period of four years at Pali and Jodhpur in Rajasthan have indicated the possibility of adding Acacia tortilis (Forsk) Hayne (Acacia spirocarpa Hochst ex A. Rech) from Israel to the existing list of exotic Acacias as a promising tree species for the arid and semi arid zones of India.

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C. P. Bhimaya , R. N. Kaul , B. N. Ganguli

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The lopping of trees of various fodder apecies in different statei of India has been briefly reviewed. The details regarding the intensity of lopping practices have been discussed. Field experiments conducted on fully grown Prosopis spicigera trees at Beriganga and central research farm, Jodhpur during the years 1955-58 and 1960-61 respectively have shown that intensity of lopping does not adversely affect the growth of Prosopis spicigera trees. Recurrent lopping ot trees definitety reduces the leaf fodder yield, irrespective of intensity of lopping, perhaps due to successive reduction in the overall surface of new shoots, thereby suggesting a definite need for an intervening rest period for sustained forage yield. There is, therefore, a need for evolving a system of rotational lopping giving the trees just the right period of rest which may be necessary for a sustained leaf fodder yield.

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C. P. Bhimaya , R. N. Kaul , B. N. Ganguli , P. N. Bhatt

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On a rocky, refractory site adjoining the city high level water distribution tank covering an area of about 12.55 hectares (31 acres) an experimental afforestation work was undertaken in 1959. The site was practically devoid of soil and vegetation. Sprouted stumps of Prosopis juliflora were planted and seeds of Acacia senegal were sown in pits half filled with mixture of manure and transported soil from elsewhere. At the end of the first growing season with periodical watering, fairly good survival and growth in height of seedlings were observed. Closure resulted in the appearance and spread of annual and perennial grasses. The paper briefly describes the techniques of afforestation, results achieved therefrom, and the cost of plantation, as a guide for afforesting of such sites.

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R. N. Kaul

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The paper summarise the environmental conditions of Ladakh region. In view of extreme shortage of fuelwood in the region and paucity of other commercial fuels intensification of afforestation in suitable localities has been emphasised. Afforestation techniques adopted, species used and results achieved have been reviewed. Suggestions for improving the present method of irrigating plantation, introducing exotic species for fuel and fodder and soil conservation measures have been made.

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R. N. Kaul , B. N. Ganguli

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Seeds of 45 exotic Acacia species including different provenance of some of the species were tested for their seed characteristics and germination behaviour. The studies have revealed that most of the species have a prolonged germination periods, the average being 75 days. Germination per cent varied from 2 to 92 per cent. For the purposes of seed treatment, to hasten germination and reduce germination period, the species were grouped into 3 categories, namely, species of low, medium and high GEI/GC ratio. Of all the Acacia species, 39 species exhibited a medium and high GEI/GC ratio thereby indicating necessity of some pre-seed treatment to reduce their total germination period. The species were further grouped on the basis of the percentage of survival of seedlings in the nursery. Thirteen species were rated as 'hardy', 7 as 'medium' and 25 as 'poor'. Of these, the hardy ones are suitable for extensive field trials throughout the region, whereas species belonging to the other two ratings, should in the first instance be given trial in rainfall regions of 375 mm and above.

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R. N. Kaul , Man Singh Manohar

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Seeds of Acacia senegal should be collected when the pods begin to become bronze in colour (10 days after appearance of green pods filled with seed) so as to obviate the necessity of seed scarification and in order to obtain maximum germination percentage. Further the moisture condition of the seed bed should not be allowed to fall below-600 Joules/kg during the germination period as beyond this point the germinability is severely affected irrespective of the extent of seed maturity.

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C. P. Bhimaya , M. B. Jain , R. N. kaul , B. N. Ganguli

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R. C. Kaushik , R. N. Kaul , V. P. Subrahmanyam

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D. N. Puri , R. N. Kaul

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